Q\u00eb nga viti 1961, radioamator\u00ebt kan\u00eb kontribuar n\u00eb krijimin e nj\u00eb konstelacioni prej rreth 150 satelit\u00ebsh hap\u00ebsinor\u00eb n\u00eb orbit\u00eb rreth Tok\u00ebs. K\u00ebta satelit\u00eb shpesh zhvillohen n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim me institucione akademike dhe l\u00ebshohen me mb\u00ebshtetjen e organizatave hap\u00ebsinore dhe satelitore. Satelit\u00ebt radioamator\u00eb jan\u00eb pajisje q\u00eb zakonisht nd\u00ebrtohen ose operohen nga radioamator\u00ebt dhe p\u00ebrdorin brezat e dedikuar t\u00eb radioamator\u00ebve p\u00ebr komunikim.<\/span><\/p> Disa prej tyre p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb transponder q\u00eb mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb si stacione p\u00ebrs\u00ebrit\u00ebse p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme operimi, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb tjer\u00eb mbajn\u00eb eksperimente shkencore ose kamera, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e t\u00eb cilave transmetohen vazhdimisht drejt Tok\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n Satelit\u00ebt radioamator\u00eb me orbit\u00eb rreth Tok\u00ebs njihen me akronimin OSCAR<\/strong> \u2013 Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n K\u00ebta satelit\u00eb sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb p\u00ebr komunikimin satelitor midis radioamator\u00ebve, si edhe p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime t\u00eb ndryshme eksperimentale. Satelit\u00ebt e par\u00eb p\u00ebrdornin frekuenca n\u00eb brezat 15\u202fm dhe 10\u202fm, nd\u00ebrsa sot shumica e trafikut radioamator\u2011satelitor zhvillohet n\u00eb brezat 2\u202fm dhe 70\u202fcm e sidomos brezat m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb dedikuar p\u00ebr radioamator\u00eb.<\/span><\/p> <\/p>\n P\u00ebrdorimi ose komunikimi p\u00ebrmes satelit\u00ebve, pothuajse n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha rastet, k\u00ebrkon pamje t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb (line\u2011of\u2011sight) me satelitin. Satelit\u00ebt aktual\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur nga radioamator\u00ebt jan\u00eb kryesisht t\u00eb tipit LEO<\/strong> (Low Earth Orbit<\/em>), t\u00eb cil\u00ebt fluturojn\u00eb n\u00eb orbita t\u00eb ul\u00ebta, rreth 400\u20131200\u202fkm mbi sip\u00ebrfaqen e Tok\u00ebs. Kjo u mund\u00ebson jo vet\u00ebm komunikimin n\u00eb distanca brenda t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit kontinent, por edhe mij\u00ebra kilometra mes kontinenteve, gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb dritareje kohore maksimale prej rreth 20 minutash, n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe drejtimit t\u00eb orbit\u00ebs. P\u00ebr shkak se energjia prodhohet vet\u00ebm nga panelet diellore dhe fuqia humbet pjes\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rrezatimit n\u00eb vakum, fuqia e transmetimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre satelit\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb zakonisht n\u00ebn 1\u202fWatt. N\u00eb brezin radioamator 2\u202fm<\/strong>, sinjalet mund t\u00eb merren praktikisht edhe me antena omnidireksionale ose vertikale, megjith\u00ebse performanca p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohet ndjesh\u00ebm me antena helikoidale ose quadrifilare. N\u00eb brezat m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb frekuencave, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb gjat\u00ebsis\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb val\u00ebs, sip\u00ebrfaqja efektive e antenave zvog\u00eblohet dhe humbjet rriten; p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, operimi \u00ebsht\u00eb i mundur me antena t\u00eb drejtuara, si antena yagi<\/strong> me shum\u00eb elemente ose antena helikoidale t\u00eb montuara n\u00eb parabola.<\/span><\/p> <\/p>\n Organizata si AMSAT<\/strong> (The Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation<\/em>), ARISS<\/strong> (Amateur Radio on the International Space Station<\/em>), ARSPEX<\/strong> (The ARSPEX Working Group<\/em>) dhe t\u00eb tjera ofrojn\u00eb informacion, mb\u00ebshtetje dhe koordinim n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e satelit\u00ebve p\u00ebr operator\u00ebt radioamator\u00eb. K\u00ebto organizata zhvillojn\u00eb gjithashtu gara t\u00eb ndryshme dhe aktivitete speciale, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb marrjen e imazheve nga Stacioni Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar i Hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs p\u00ebrmes pajisjeve t\u00eb ARISS, shpesh me rastin e p\u00ebrvjetor\u00ebve t\u00eb kozmonaut\u00ebve t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm apo ngjarjeve t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme historike.<\/span><\/p> <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Si\u00e7 shihet qart\u00eb, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuara Kepler<\/strong> p\u00ebr secilin satelit, si edhe frekuencat aktuale t\u00eb transponder\u00ebve, jepen n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale. P\u00ebr marrje dhe dh\u00ebnie, k\u00ebto frekuenca duhet t\u00eb korrigjohen n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me efektin Doppler<\/strong>. K\u00ebshtu, me pak p\u00ebrkushtim dhe p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb, operator\u00ebt radioamator\u00eb mund t\u00eb realizojn\u00eb komunikime p\u00ebrmes tyre, si brenda t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit kontinent, ashtu edhe midis kontinenteve t\u00eb ndryshme, duke p\u00ebrdorur pajisje radio t\u00eb thjeshta dhe me fuqi prej vet\u00ebm disa watt, praktikisht n\u00eb \u00e7do koh\u00eb!<\/span><\/p> <\/p>\n\n